Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) nursing NCLEX review for pediatric nursing.

What is patent ductus arteriosus?  It’s a congenital heart defect where the ductus arteriosus does NOT close after birth. This will lead to an increase in pulmonary blood flow.

It's a blood vessel that connects the aorta to the pulmonary artery in a fetus. It should be present in all newborns. However, it should close shortly after birth (usually within 3 days).
Its purpose is to help carry blood that is entering the right side of the heart to the rest of the body, hence it allows the blood to bypass the non-functional lungs in the fetus.

Signs and Symptoms of patent ductus arteriosus include: continuous machine-like heart murmur found at the left upper sternal border, widened pulse pressure, risk for endocarditis, pulmonary hypertension, dyspnea, weight loss, trouble feeding, sweating with activity etc.

Treatments include medication administration Indomethacin, invasive procedure to close the vessel with a heart cath or surgery.

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